The Macuahuitl - An Aztec Obsidian Sword

The Macuahuitl is an ancient Aztec weapon shapedMacuahuitl was used not only in battle, but also in
like a sword. The Macuahuitl is made of wood, and itssacrifices to the gods.
sides are embedded with blades made from obsidian,In some cases, the rows of obsidian were spaced
a volcanic glass stone frequently used by the Aztecsapart, with gaps in between, similar to sawteeth. In
and other pre-Columbian cultures in the making ofother versions, the rows of obsidian were placed so
tools.closely together that the sharp obsidian formed a
This weapon was commonly used by Aztec militarysingle edge, much like a sword. Carvings found at the
forces and other cultures found in present-day centralMexican prehistorical site Chichen Itza depict clubs
Mexico. In fact, its use was so widespread that it washaving separate blades sticking out from each side. In
noted repeatedly in notes taken during the sixteenthanother carving, a warrior holds a club with many
century Spanish conquest, likely at the peak of theblades on one side and one sharp point on the other
Macuahuitl's popularity. Unfortunately, the last authenticside. Both versions are thought to be early versions of
Aztec Macuahuitl was destroyed in a fire in Madrid inthe macuahuitl.
1884. Little is known about this weapon other thanThough the Macuahuitl is best known as an Aztec
what can be inferred by drawings or records byweapon, the idea of using obsidian to form a
Spanish conquistadors.sword-like blade was not new even then. Obsidian
The Macuahuitl was often used in combat with aused for small knives, scrapers, drills, razors, and arrow
chimalli, or round shield, a tlauitolli, or bow, and the atlatl,points has been found in numerous Mesoamerican
or spear thrower. Though it is sometimes called acultures predating the Aztecs. Several obsidian mines
sword, it is not a true sword, and there is no Europeanwere located near Aztec civilizations, providing the raw
equivalent for this weapon.materials for these tools and weapons.
This weapon could be made in both one-handed andThe obsidian used for the blades of these unique
two-handed forms. It measured three to four feet long,weapons can achieve a very sharp edge. In fact,
and was only about three inches wide. A groove alongmodern knives are only now beginning to rival the
each edge allowed the insertion of sharp-edged piecespossible sharpness of obsidian. Plus, it only required
of obsidian or, less frequently, flint. These pieces wouldstone-age technology for shaping, unlike modern
then be held securely in the groove using some sort ofmetals, and required absolutely no fire forging. The
natural adhesive.drawback, however, is that obsidian is very brittle. As a
Though the Machuahuitl's wooden "blade" itself wasresult, it cannot maintain its sharpness for very long. It
not sharp enough to inflict any damage, the rows ofwill easily chip or break, and it would have been
obsidian blades could cause serious lacerations.surprisingly easy to break the entire blade in half by
According to some accounts, it was sharp enough toaccident.
decapitate a man, and possibly even a horse. The